A.15  USER EQUIPMENT

A major problem with the use of GLONASS has been the lack of user equipment.  Due

to the initial secrecy of the system and the lack of information concerning its

development few western manufactures have mature products.  Receivers are made by

3S Navigation and Leeds University.  By comparison with GPS equipments the costs

are extremely high.  A number f companies, Canadian Marconi, Trimble etc that were

developing equipments in the late 1980 s are apparently in abeyance.  This decision

was probably made at the time when a GLONASS launch had not occurred for

approximately a year and the future of the system was in doubt.  had not There has

been some Russian equipment available vis a German sources but supplies were

limited.  New equipment is under development and is due to be released in late 1995. 

A.16  REFERENCES

1.   S Fairheller, USAF, 

The Russian GLONASS System: A US AirForce /Russian

Study

, US ION Sept 94

2.   P Daly, 

 GLONASS: The USSR Navigation Equivalent,

 Dept of Electrical Eng,

University of  Leeds.  (First appeared ANP 2 version 1 Feb 2025)

3.

V N Kazantsev, M F Reshetnev, A G Kozlov, V F Cheremisin 

Overview and

Design of the GLONASS system 

 NPO PM Krasnoyarsk 26

4.

Russian Federation 

Technical Description and Characteristics of the Global Space

Navigation System

 GLONASS M, International Telecommunication Union,

Radiocommunication Study Group, Nov 1994

5.

G Lennon, Universtity of Leeds, The USSR s GLONASS P code   Determination

and Initial Results, ION GPS 1990.

6.

J Besser, J Danaher.

  The 3S Navigation R 100 Family of GPS receivers, 

 ION

National Technical Meeting 1993.

7.

Research and Production Association of Applied Mechanics, Institute of Space

Device Engineering, 

 Global Satellite Navigation System GLONASS: Interface

Control Document

, ICAO DOC.  FANS/4 WP/75, May 1988.

8.

P N Misra R I Abbot  

SGS85   WG84 Transformations

, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT,

Lexington Mass,  Manuscropta Geodaetica Spring 1994

A 15